Bessel van der Kolk describes the “addiction to trauma” — the puzzling phenomenon where the thing that’s most terrifying also becomes the most meaningful. His revelation came from research with rats: those raised in safe environments fled to safe places when stressed; those raised in bad environments returned to the bad place. People choose what’s familiar, not what’s safe.

“People choose what’s familiar, not what’s safe.”

Joe extends this to attachment trauma: if love was taught as criticism, a person will manipulate the world to attract critical people, hear criticism where it doesn’t exist, and prove that love equals criticism. The organism seeks homeostasis — returning to its known emotional state, even when that state is painful.

This explains why insight alone doesn’t break the cycle. The pull toward the familiar operates at a body level, beneath conscious understanding.

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